Archive for April, 2009

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Why You Need a Universal Medication Form

April 20, 2009

There is only one person who knows all the medications a patient is taking at home. That is the patient them self. Unfortunately, health care providers such as doctors, nurses and pharmacists cannot effectively provide care without complete information. This is why you should utilize a Universal Medication Form.

What is a Universal Medication Form?

A Universal Medication Form is an easy to use document where a person can record medication therapy information. This information needs to include allergies, immunizations, prescription medication, over the counter medication, herbal products and vitamins.

It also needs to record the strength and dose of the item as well as how it is taken such as frequency, time of day and special instructions. It should also state brand and generic names of the product whenever possible and the reason for taking it.

What to do with the form.

Once the Universal medication form has been completed it should be kept in a wallet so it is with you at all times. It needs to be shown to all health care providers such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists. They need to have a complete list of medications, herbal products and vitamins to make accurate clinical decisions. Without this complete list, some important problems or interactions could occur.

What if something changes?

If it is a minor change, it may be possible to simply update the form. For example, if the doctor changes one medication simply cross off the old medication and add the new one to the form. In other instances, there may be major changes. In this case it is better to simply fill out a new form so it remains easy to read.

What are the benefits of using a Universal Medication Form?

There are many benefits to using one of these forms.

First, it can be difficult to remember to take all your medications correctly. In fact up to 50% of people are not taking medications correctly as soon as 3 days after discharge from a hospital. This form provides an easy way to keep track of medications and the way they should be taken.

Second, this form makes it easy to remember which medications are being taken during a visit to the doctor’s office. Having a complete and accurate list of medications when you visit the doctor is essential in receiving appropriate care.

Third, in the case of an emergency if you have one of these forms with you, the paramedic or ER doctor will have a complete list of your medications readily available for review when providing emergency medical care.

Fourth, having a completed medication form with you at all times could decrease the chance of medical mistakes and adverse reactions. Your doctor will immediately have a list of all your medications for review before adding something new.

Tips for use

  • Fill out the form completely, listing all required information. List all medication both prescription and over the counter medications.
  • List all herbal products and vitamins and supplements even if they were not prescribed by a doctor. This information is vital as herbs and vitamins can affect therapy and have potential for interactions.
  • Keep the form with you at all times.
  • Keep the form updated religiously.
  • Keep a copy of the form at home in a safe place and tell a loved one where the copy is so they can find it if needed.
  • Show the form to all medical professionals who care for you.

Conclusion

A universal medication form is a great tool to help keep track of medications. The best Universal Medication form I have come across is here. Universal Medication Form

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Who Should be Taking Asiprin?

April 13, 2009

Aspirin has been in people medicine cabinet for over 100 years. Before aspirin was discovered, the bark and leaves of the willow tree were used to relieve pain and fever. The active ingredient in the willow tree bark and leaves is salicin. Eventually aspirin was derived from salicin and Bayer began distributing aspirin powder in 1899.

From this early beginning a lot of research has been done with aspirin and a lot of information has been gathered. Despite a long history, there are still many unanswered questions. There are many people who use aspirin that should not and many who are not using aspirin that should.

Aspirin Uses (in Adults)

Aspirin can be used to treat pain, fever, inflammation, headache, arthritis and lower the risk of heart attack and stroke. There are some indications aspirin may be effective in preventing Alzheimer’s disease and some forms of cancer but it is too early to tell.

The rest of this article focuses on daily low dose aspirin to prevent cardiovascular disease.

Aspirin’s Major Risk

The problem is when aspirin is taken daily for extended periods of time such as heart health. In this case there is a serious risk for gastointestinal bleeding. Doctors have been trying to balance the risk of bleeding with the benefit of preventing heart problems.

Secondary Prevention

After someone has had a heart attack or stroke, doctors try to prevent a second event form happening. This is known as secondary prevention. It has been generally accepted that after a heart attack the benefits of daily aspirin therapy out weight the potential risks. In fact the ACC/AHA (American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association) guidelines states all patients (who have had a heart attack or stroke) should be placed on low dose aspirin indefinitely unless contraindicated.

Primary Prevention

Primary prevention is the attempt to prevent a first heat attack from occurring. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPTF) has published new guidelines to help determine who should be taking aspirin for primary prevention. USPTF aspirin guidelines.

In brief the guidelines state:

  • Aspirin is not recommended for men younger than 45 or women younger than 55 years.
  • Aspirin is recommended in men age 45 to 79 years to reduce heart attack risks when the benefit outweighs the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
  • Aspirin is recommended in women age 55 to 79 years to prevent ischemic strokes when the benefit outweighs the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
  • In men and women over 80 years there is not enough evidence to asses the benefits against the potential risks for daily aspirin use.

What dose should you take?

It is still not completely clear what is the ideal dose of aspirin to take to prevent heart attacks and strokes but according to an article in the March 17 Annals of Internal Medicine higher doses are not better than lower doses. In fact, lower doses in the 75 to 81mg range are as effective as higher doses but have a lower risk associated with them. This is especially true if Plavix (clopidogrel) is given with aspirin.

Conclusion

There is still more research to be done to evaluate who should and should not take aspirin but these new guidelines bring us a few steps closer. As always, every person is different and you should discuss the risks and benefits of aspirin therapy for your specific situation.

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Xylitol Can Prevent Middle Ear Infections

April 6, 2009

Acute otitis media (AOM) is commonly know as a middle ear infection. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) it is the most common infection for which antibiotics are prescribed. Also, about 80% of all doctor visits in the United States for otitis media results in the doctor prescribing an antibiotic.

Despite the high frequency of antibiotic prescribing for otitis media, this may not be the best course of therapy. It is common practice in some European countries to treat just the symptoms AOM initially and use antibiotics only if symptoms do not improve.

One reason to avoid antibiotic treatment initially is the possible development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria change in some way that makes them less sensitive to antibiotics thereby making the antibiotic less effective or not effective at all. Antibiotic resistance is one if the CDC’s top concerns. Also treating resistant infections can be very difficult and expensive. Learn more about antibiotic resistance from the CDC here.

Another reason to avoid antibiotics in AOM is the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines support symptom treatment with observation for otherwise healthy children over 2 years old with non-severe uncomplicated AOM. See Dr Greene’s web page Antibiotics and Ear Infections for more info. Be sure to talk to your doctor about your options and the benefits and risks with antibiotic treatment versus observation.

Prevention of Acute Otitis Media

The best way to avoid antibiotic use for AOM is to not get AOM. There are a few things that can be done to reduce the frequency of AOM. First, reducing the number of upper respiratory tract infections by avoiding daycare can help reduce the incidence of otitis media. Also, breastfeed during the first six months of life results in fewer middle ear infections. Finally, xylitol has been shown to reduce the frequency of AOM.

Xylitol

Xylitol is a sweetener found in some chewing gums. It was originally derived from birch trees but can now be made from many sources. It known to prevent the growth of some bacteria. It was found to decrease tooth decay in people who chewed xylitol sweetened gum over those who chewed gum sweetened with sucrose.

In 1998 the journal of Pediatrics published an article in which xylitol was studied to see if it could prevent AOM. They studied xylitol gum, xylitol lozenges and xylitol syrup against a placebo. They found a 30% reduction in AOM for the xylitol syrup, a 40% reduction for the gum and a 20% reduction for the lozenge. As a result of this study the researchers noted a decrease in antibiotic usage in the xylitol groups. Dr Greene has another great article Ear Infections and Xylitol

Given this information, a new product is now available in the United States. Xylarex (xylitol) oral solution by Arbour Pharmaceuticals. It is a prescription only product but it is classified as a medicinal food. When given as 3.3 grams (5ml) three times daily it has been show to decrease the occurrence of AOM by 39%

For more information about xylitol or to purchase xylitol gum visit www.xylitol.org

For more information about Xylarex visit www.Xalarex.com

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